sexta-feira, 27 de novembro de 2009
quinta-feira, 14 de fevereiro de 2008
EUA irão lançar míssil contra satélite em queda!
A manobra, espetacular e inédita, deverá ser tentada nos próximos dias, e é uma tentativa de evitar que o satélite, com equipamento altamente sofisticado e secreto, caia em mãos alheias.Claro que o objectivo público é evitar que o seu combustível tóxico possa eventualmente afectar a saúde das pessoas que estejam próximo do local da queda. Mas não sejamos ingénuos, uma ordem do Presidente Bush ao Pentágono nunca seria dada com objectivos tão banais, tão humanitários...
Há 20 anos foram feitos, pelos EUA, testes com armas anti-satélites (ASAT) lançadas a partir de caças F-15 (à direita). No entanto não deverá ser esta a arma usada para tentar abater o satélite em queda. Deverá ser usado um Standard Missile 3, da US Navy.
Posts anteriores: 1, 2
Fonte: MSNBC
U.S. to launch missile at broken spy satellite
WASHINGTON - President Bush has ordered the Pentagon to use a Navy missile to attempt to destroy a broken U.S. spy satellite — and thereby minimize the risk to humans from its toxic fuel — by intercepting it just before it re-enters the atmosphere, officials said Thursday.
The effort — the first of its kind — will be undertaken because of the potential that people in the area where the satellite would otherwise crash could be harmed, the officials said.
Deputy National Security Adviser James Jeffrey, briefing reporters at the Pentagon, did not say when the attempted intercept would be conducted, but the satellite is expected to hit Earth during the first week of March.
"This is all about trying to reduce the danger to human beings," Jeffrey said.
Gen. James Cartwright, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said at the same briefing that the "window of opportunity" for such a shootdown, presumably to be launched from a Navy ship, will open in the next three or four days and last for seven or eight days. He did not say whether the Pentagon has decided on an exact launch date.
Cartwright said this will be an unprecedented effort; he would not say exactly what are the odds of success.
"This is the first time we've used a tactical missile to engage a spacecraft," Cartwright said.
After extensive study and analysis, U.S. officials came to the conclusion that, "we're better off taking the attempt than not," Cartwright said.
He said a Navy missile known as Standard Missile 3 would be fired in an attempt to intercept the satellite just prior to it re-entering Earth's atmosphere. It would be "next to impossible" to hit the satellite after that because of atmospheric disturbances, Cartwright said.

Standard Missile 3
A second goal, he said, is to directly hit the fuel tank in order to minimize the amount of fuel that returns to Earth.
Software associated with the Standard Missile 3 has been modified to enhance the chances of the missile's sensors recognizing that the satellite is its target; he noted that the missile's designed mission is to shoot down ballistic missiles, not satellites. Other officials said the missile's maximum range, while a classified figure, is not great enough to hit a satellite operating in normal orbits.
"It's a one-time deal," Cartwright said when asked whether the modified Standard Missile 3 should be considered a new U.S. anti-satellite weapon technology.
Cartwright also said that if an initial shootdown attempt fails, a decision will be made whether to take a second shot.
Jeffrey said members of Congress were briefed on the plan earlier Thursday and that diplomatic notifications to other countries would be made before the end of the day.
Shooting down a satellite is particularly sensitive because of the controversy surrounding China's anti-satellite test last year, when Beijing shot down one of its defunct weather satellites, drawing immediate criticism from the U.S. and other countries.
A key concern at that time was the debris created by Chinese satellite's destruction — and that will also be a focus now, as the U.S. determines exactly when and under what circumstances to shoot down its errant satellite.
The military will have to choose a time and a location that will avoid to the greatest degree any damage to other satellites in the sky. Also, there is the possibility that large pieces could remain, and either stay in orbit where they can collide with other satellites or possibly fall to Earth.
It is not known where the satellite will hit. But officials familiar with the situation say about half of the 5,000-pound spacecraft is expected to survive its blazing descent through the atmosphere and will scatter debris — some of it potentially hazardous — over several hundred miles. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.
The satellite is outfitted with thrusters — small engines used to position it in space. They contain the toxic rocket fuel hydrazine, which can cause harm to anyone who contacts it. Officials have said there is about 1,000 pounds of propellent on the satellite.
Known by its military designation US 193, the satellite was launched in December 2006. It lost power and its central computer failed almost immediately afterward, leaving it uncontrollable. It carried a sophisticated and secret imaging sensor.
domingo, 10 de fevereiro de 2008
Satélite de espionagem deverá caír na primeira semana de Março
Há dois pontos importantes nesta situação:
- o satélite transporta materiais 'tóxicos'. Não foi especificado o que é que a palavra 'tóxico' quer dizer neste caso, embora se sugira que possa ser uma alusão ao combustível hipergólico hidrazina, usado no posicionamento de satélites e naves espaciais. Mas não poderemos excluír a possibilidade de ser um satélite equipado com tecnologia nuclear, como o são muitos satélites de espionagem.
- o satélite está equipado com tecnologia altamente secreta, que o governo dos EUA não deseja ver caír em mãos erradas. Poderá ser de prever um certo espetáculo mediático na busca pelos pedaços do satélite, sobretudo se este caír em terra e não no mar.
Dead satellite to hit Earth in early March
WASHINGTON - A dead U.S. spy satellite in a deteriorating orbit is expected to hit the Earth the first week of March, officials said Thursday.
It is not known where on Earth the satellite will hit. But officials familiar with the situation say about half of the 5,000-pound spacecraft is expected to survive its blazing descent through the atmosphere and will scatter debris — some of it potentially hazardous — over several hundred miles. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.
The satellite is outfitted with thrusters, small engines used to position it in space, that contain the toxic rocket fuel hydrazine. Hydrazine can cause harm to anyone who contacts it.
The satellite, known by its military designation US 193, was launched in December 2006. It lost power and its central computer failed almost immediately afterward, leaving it uncontrollable. It carried a sophisticated and secret imaging sensor.
U.S. officials do not want this equipment to fall into the wrong hands.
"The Chinese and the Russians spend an enormous amount of time trying to steal American technology," said John Pike, a defense and intelligence expert. "To have our most sophisticated radar intelligence satellite — have big pieces of it fall into their hands — would not be our preferred outcome."
Where it lands will be difficult to predict until the satellite descends to about 59 miles above the Earth and enters the atmosphere. It will then begin to burn up, with flares visible from the ground, said Ted Molczan, a Canadian satellite tracker. From that point on, he said, it will take about 30 minutes to fall.
In the past 50 years about 17,000 manmade objects have re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. The largest uncontrolled re-entry by a NASA spacecraft was Skylab, the 78-ton abandoned space station that fell from orbit in 1979. Its debris dropped harmlessly into the Indian Ocean and across a remote section of western Australia.
In 2000, NASA engineers successfully directed a safe de-orbit of the 17-ton Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, using rockets aboard the satellite to bring it down in a remote part of the Pacific Ocean.
In 2002, officials believe debris from a 7,000-pound science satellite smacked into the Earth's atmosphere and rained down over the Persian Gulf, a few thousand miles from where they first predicted it would plummet.
Short-term exposure to hydrazine could cause coughing, irritated throat and lungs, convulsions, tremors or seizures, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long-term exposure could damage the liver, kidney and reproductive organs.
domingo, 27 de janeiro de 2008
Satélite de espionagem poderá caír nos próximos dias
Fonte: LA Times
Link: MSNBC
U.S. warns satellite will fall to Earth soon
Officials monitoring the spy apparatus say it is losing orbit. Exactly when and where it will crash isn't yet known.
By Richard A. Serrano, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer
January 27, 2008
WASHINGTON -- Senior government officials said Saturday that they were closely watching a failing U.S. spy satellite that had begun the process of "de-orbiting" and cautioned that the large device was no longer controllable and could hit the Earth as early as late February.
"Appropriate government agencies are monitoring the situation," said Gordon Johndroe, a spokesman for the National Security Council. "Numerous satellites over the years have come out of orbit and fallen harmlessly. We are looking at potential options to mitigate any possible damage this satellite may cause."
U.S. officials are unable to maneuver the satellite, and Johndroe declined to say whether it would be possible to shoot down the spy apparatus before it plummets to Earth. He would not divulge further specifics.
At the Pentagon, Air Force Lt. Col. Karen Finn confirmed that Defense officials thought the satellite could hit the Earth soon but that more analysis would be needed to better determine when, where and in what condition the satellite might crash.
"We are monitoring it," she said. "The NSC has been talking to us about this, and they confirm it is a de-orbiting satellite."
White House officials had little more to say about the situation beyond what the Pentagon and the National Security Council disclosed.
The Associated Press, citing unnamed sources, hinted that the satellite could contain hazardous materials, but the sources were not certain.
Nevertheless, administration officials took the precaution of notifying U.S. lawmakers and other nations, and pledged to keep them aware of the situation as the satellite's failure nears.
Many commercial satellites contain small rockets that ground controllers use to adjust their orbits, and solar panels and rechargeable batteries for power.
Batteries in solar power systems usually are considered hazardous for disposal purposes.
Satellites launched toward planets farther from the sun more often rely on nuclear power.
Some early U.S. and Russian satellites orbiting Earth also used nuclear power, and several accidents over the years resulted in releases of radioactive material.
The contents and operation of U.S. military and spy satellites are classified.
The most significant uncontrolled re-entry by a U.S. craft was Skylab in 1979. Debris from the 78-ton abandoned space station fell into the Indian Ocean and over remote areas of Australia.
In 2000, NASA engineers used rockets aboard the 17-ton Compton Gamma Ray Observatory to bring the satellite down in the Pacific Ocean. And in 2002, officials think debris from a 7,000-pound science satellite fell into the Persian Gulf.
richard.serrano@latimes.com
sábado, 26 de janeiro de 2008
terça-feira, 22 de janeiro de 2008
quinta-feira, 25 de outubro de 2007
quinta-feira, 5 de julho de 2007
Imagens da NASA mostram diminuição do gelo do Ártico entre 1979 e 2003.
Link: NASA Earth Observatory
segunda-feira, 25 de junho de 2007
Um pôr-do-Sol lindíssimo sobre o Oceano Pacífico
Acho que esta é uma das imagens mais lindas que vi este ano!
segunda-feira, 4 de junho de 2007
A NASA e o seu Director em desacordo sobre o aquecimento global!
Na semana passada, quase em simultâneo, a NASA alertou que são necessárias medidas urgentes para evitar uma calamidade provocada pelo aquecimento global (ver este link), ao passo que o seu ad, Michael Griffin, parece negar que são necessárias tais medidas (ver este link).Nas palavras de Griffin: "I have no doubt that global -- that a trend of global warming exists. I am not sure that it is fair to say that it is a problem we must wrestle with. To assume that it is a problem is to assume that the state of earth's climate today is the optimal climate, the best climate that we could have or ever have had and that we need to take steps to make sure that it doesn't change. First of all, I don't think it's within the power of human beings to assure that the climate does not change, as millions of years of history have shown, and second of all, I guess I would ask which human beings - where and when - are to be accorded the privilege of deciding that this particular climate that we have right here today, right now is the best climate for all other human beings. I think that's a rather arrogant position for people to take."
Este desacordo, além de extremamente bizarro, põe em destaque várias questões.
Em primeiro lugar, é sabido que há menos de um ano, um oficial da NASA foi despedido após ter tentado 'abafar' resultados de investigações científicas, da própria NASA, que iam contra a actual política do Presidente Bush que, como sabemos, não dá a importância devida às questões ambientais, por forma a poder favorecer os lobbies que o levaram ao poder.
No entanto, Bush está a anunciar medidas que parecem (apenas parecem) apontar para um desejo de controlar as emissões de CO2 e controlar o aquecimento global. Digo que apenas parecem porque as declarações de Bush vão apenas no sentido de 'marcar reuniões' com outros governos a fim de marcar datas a longo prazo (ver este link).
Ora sendo Griffin pouco mais que um fantoche de Bush, temos de estranhar esta súbita descoordenação entre Griffin e o seu 'mestre'.
Em terceiro lugar, e muito mais grave, revela a total descoordenação entre Griffin e a agência espacial que lidera, além de revelar gravíssimas deficiências nos seus conhecimentos acerca do problema do aquecimento global.
Creio que, neste momento, a carreira de Griffin poderá perfeitamente estar em jogo. A única coisa que o poderá manter à frente da NASA será uma actuação de tipo mafioso por parte do Governo dos EUA, o que nunca me supreenderá, dada a actuação passada deste governo, e apesar de uma suavização na imagem pública que Bush está a querer vender ao público norte-americano, sobretudo nas questões relacionadas com o ambiente, às quais o público americano é bastante sensível.
Aguardemos pois os desenvolvimentos desta bizarra polémica.
Links:
terça-feira, 15 de maio de 2007
O Planeta mais bonito do Universo, em movimento
A sonda Galileo desempenhou uma missão histórica em órbita de Júpiter durante 14 anos, antes de se despenhar contra o planeta gigante.
Fonte: Astronomy Picture of the Day
segunda-feira, 2 de abril de 2007
Como destruír a Terra
Se tivermos em conta a relativa estabilidade e segurança da nossa vida do dia-a-dia, a Terra parece um sítio seguro para se viver. De tal forma que quando se fala num meteoro que possa caír daqui a 30 anos, todos nos rimos e pensamos que é só ficção científica.Na realidade não é bem assim. O Universo é um sítio perigoso, e pouco hospitaleiro para formas de vida como nós. A qualquer momento podemos ser atingidos por um asteróide, ou pode rebentar uma estrela com uma poderosíssima emissão de raios gama perto da Terra, ou poderá passar um buraco negro - práticamente indetectável por natureza - perto do Sol... Há inúmeras maneiras de acabar com o nosso modo de vida.
Um site na Internet, constantemente actualizado, debate as diversas formas de destruír o nosso planeta.
É um site ao qual recomendo uma visita, nem que seja para que possa saír à rua, respirar bem fundo, e agradecer mais um dia de vida nesta Terra linda, que nos ocupamos em grande azáfama em... destruír...
O que me faz pensar... se calhar o melhor a fazer é não fazer nada e deixar tudo andar com está...
terça-feira, 27 de fevereiro de 2007
No Topo da Atmosfera!

Incrivelmente esta foto não foi tirada de nenhum balão de grande altitude! Foi tirada a partir da Estação Espacial Internacional (ISS) com uma teleobjectiva de 400mm- note o grande tamanho aparente da Lua. Nela pode ver-se o aspecto da camada superior da atmosfera da Terra, em que o azul que conhecemos começa a passar ao negro do espaço. Leia mais detalhes no site do Earth Observatory.
Esta imagem é simplesmente linda, se puder veja a imagem am alta resolução. Se fosse pequeno outra vez era capaz de ficar horas a olhar para ela e para os detalhes que nela se encontram. Apesar de todos os problemas, deve ser fabuloso passar uns meses na ISS. Aparentemente até há bastante tempo para ficar a olhar pela janela a ver o belíssimo planeta que ainda não conseguimos destruir por completo - não há de ser sempre só trabalho. Eu ficaria!
A Terra ao longo do Ano
Pode encontrar imagens da Terra em todos os meses do ano de 2004, em que se vê claramente a evolução das cores nos continentes, sobretudo da área coberta por neve e gelo. Estas imagens foram geradas por computador a partir de milhares de fotos, por forma a poder eliminar as nuvens. Pode encontrar estas imagens no site do Earth Observatory, na secção Blue Marble.



